glutathione hydroxyl free radicals Natural Compounds and Glutathione: Beyond Mere Antioxidants Revisiting the scavenging activity of

SP@M increases LC3-mediated autophagy as well as strengthens ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation toward KEAP1, which promotes the expression and nuclear translocation of NRF2

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:720725 Zhang YN, Paynter J, Antanasijevic A, Allen JD, Eldad M, Lee YZ, Copps J, Newby ML, He L, Chavez D, Frost P, Goodroe A, Dutton J, Lanford R, Chen C, Wilson IA, Crispin M, Ward AB, Zhu J (2023) Single-component multilayered self-assembling protein nanoparticles presenting glycan-trimmed uncleaved prefusion optimized envelope trimmers as HIV-1 vaccine candidates

& Van Beeumen, J

This suggests that lion mane works through ongoing neurotrophic stimulation rather than permanent structural changes