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Fatty acids play a critical role in regulating macrophage polarization: saturated fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid) promote M1 polarization [45, 46], while polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., DHA) and n-3 fatty acids (e.g., EPA/DHA) induce M2 polarization [45,46,47]

This may be involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions, the immune system, and inflammatory response, as well as play a role in development

201 Particularly, FTO gene polymorphism rs9939609 and rs9940128 are closely associated with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in different populations

New England Journal of Medicine 1991