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Zinc deficiency exacerbates these processes by upregulating molecules like vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), facilitating monocyte attachment and intensifying vascular inflammation and AS progression [475, 476]

370 Cryptotanshinone (CTS) binds NQO1 noncatalytically, triggering ROS/JNK1/iron/PARP/calcium-mediated necrosis, 371 while Daphnetin inhibits NQO1 to induce ferroptosis in ovarian cancer

[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 15.Keating S.M., Jacobs E.S., Norris P.J

However, OA is not a simple cartilage degenerative disease but a complex condition involving multiple tissues and cells, including cartilage, synovium, subchondral bone, osteophyte formation, joint capsule, and local immune cell populations