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The transforming growth factor- (TGF-)/Smad signaling pathway is a major pathway in renal fibrosis, and it is closely related to ferroptosis (190)

14 Increasing flux through the MAS, citric acid cycle, or fatty acid beta-oxidation could blunt the aging-induced oxidative shift in the mitochondrial [NAD + ]/[NADH] to slow tissue aging The combined activities of the citric acid cycle, MAS, and fatty acid beta-oxidation that generate mitochondrial NADH appear to decline to a greater extent with aging than the activity of NADH-consuming ETC complex I in neurons, leading to an oxidized mitochondrial [NAD + ]/[NADH] in aged neurons (Dong et al., 2019a)

However, many other places have simplified the process

Pharmaceut Biol 42(2):149158 [Google Scholar] Lampi AM, Piironen V (1998) and -tocopherols as efficient antioxidants in butter oil triacylglycerols