glutathione sepharose affinity column Sepharose™ 4B Chromatography Media, Cytiva The resin Glutathione reduced, immobilized on Agarose

Lactate metabolism is mediated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which reversibly converts pyruvate to lactate with oxidation of NADH to NAD + (Tsacopoulos and Magistretti, 1996)

Total proteins were immunoprecipitated with -FLAG beads and immunoblotted with an -HA or -FLAG antibody (top two panels)

Draw a fraction of that solution and you get a fraction of each of the three ingredients in the same fixed ratio

Oxidative stress Oxidative stress can be defined and measured in many ways (461468) , but is broadly taken to involve a dysregulation in the various redox systems of the organism of interest, coupled to the production of various reactive oxygen species, principally peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen