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Together, these findings suggest that Rac1-containing l-EVs are initially transported to early endosomes and subsequently trafficked to late endosomes in recipient cells

Key Points Activation of the androgen receptor (AR) is crucial for tumor cell progression and survival of prostate cancer, and androgen deprivation therapy remains the main clinical approach in men with locally advanced tumors Current therapies incompletely suppress the androgenAR axis, but a multiple therapeutic approach, targeting androgens and their receptor, has potential to improve clinical outcomes Treatment of prostate cancer cells with 5-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) inhibits cellular pathways regulating metabolism, cell growth and proliferation, triggering apoptosis and decreasing prostate size Although 5ARI treatment reduces the risk of developing prostate cancer, patients treated with these drugs have tumors with higher Gleason scores than those who receive placebo Use of 5ARIs to prevent and treat prostate cancer remains controversial, and further investigation is necessary to understand the presence of more-aggressive tumors in patients receiving these drugs This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access 186,36 per year only 15,53 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF

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Song et al