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A new ligand against the GPCR GLP-1R acts as a positive allosteric modulator, binding both the receptor and the orthosteric ligand, accessing the peptide ligand within the interface between transmembrane domains 1 and 2 of the receptor.

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Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception until August 2025 using keywords such as GLP-1 receptor agonist, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, ocular disease, and neuroprotection. The search focused on identifying preclinical studies, large-scale retrospective cohort studies, and post-hoc analyses of major clinical trials that evaluated the utility and potential mechanisms of GLP-1RAs in ophthalmic diseases